4-硝基苯基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷

对硝基苯基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷(PNPG)

3,4,6-三-O-乙酰基-p-硝基苯基2-叠氮基-2-脱氧-alpha-D-吡喃半乳糖苷

对硝基苯酚

p-nitrophenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->3)-2-azido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-p-methoxybenzylidene-α-D-galactopyranoside