Epalrestat is a carboxylic acid derivative and a noncompetitive and reversible aldose reductase inhibitor used for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, which is one of the most common long-term complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. It reduces the accumulation of intracellular sorbitol which is believed to be the cause of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy It is well tolerated, with the most commonly reported adverse effects being gastrointestinal issues such as nausea and vomiting, as well as increases in certain liver enzymes. Chemically, epalrestat is unusual in that it is a drug that contains a rhodanine group. Aldose reductase is the key enzyme in the polyol pathway whose enhanced activity is the basis of diabetic neuropathy. Aldose reductase inhibitors (ARI) target this enzyme. Out of the many ARIs developed, ranirestat and fidarestat are in the trial stage. Others have been discarded due to unacceptable adverse effects or weak efficacy. Epalrestat is the only ARI commercially available. It is easily absorbed into the neural tissue and inhibits the enzyme with minimum side effects.

CAS：82159-09-9
中文别名：益帕瑞司特;依帕斯他;
英文别名：5-[(1Z,2E)-2-methyl-3-phenylpropenylidene]-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiazolidineacetic acid;Kinedak;2-[(5Z)-5-[(E)-2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-enylidene]-4-oxo-2-sulfanylidene-1,3-thiazolidin-3-yl]acetic acid;(Z,E)-5-(2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidine-3-acetic acid;Epalrestat;Ono 2235;(Z,E)-5-(2-methyl-3-phenyl-2-propenylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiazolidineacetic acid;
分子式：C15H13NO3S2
分子量：319.399
精确质量：319.034
Psa：115.0
Logp：2.8566

MDL号：MFCD00865484

密度：1.43 g/cm3
沸点：516.8ºC at 760 mmHg
熔点：210-217ºC
闪点：266.4ºC
折射率：1.705
储存条件：通风低温干燥,与库房食品原料分开存放

生产方法
将苯甲醛、乙醇、氢氧化钠和水混合,滴加丙醛反应,经处理得2-甲基3-苯基丙烯醛. 将二硫化碳和二氧六环溶于浓氨水,搅拌下,滴加甘氨酸钠溶液,反应,蒸干后,加入氯乙酸钠溶液,室温反应,蒸干,加水和浓盐酸,沸水浴加热,生成物经重结晶,得3-羧甲基绕单宁.将3-羧甲基绕单宁、2-甲基-3-苯基丙烯醛、无水乙酸钠和冰乙酸一起回流,经处理得到依帕司他. 醛糖还原酶抑制剂，能可逆性地抑制将葡萄糖转化为山梨醇的醛糖还原酶而发挥作用。用于糖尿病性神经末梢障碍造成的自觉症状、振动感觉异常、心跳变动异常的改善。用于预防和治疗糖尿病。
用途
醛糖还原酶抑制剂，能可逆性地抑制将葡萄糖转化为山梨醇的醛糖还原酶而发挥作用。用于糖尿病性神经末梢障碍造成的自觉症状、振动感觉异常、心跳变动异常的改善。用于预防和治疗糖尿病。