[夏威夷] Adeus & Aloha. The Portuguese Heritage of Hawai'i [MPIII/320K](页 1) - 【世界音乐】 - 音乐堡音乐论坛在音乐中享受生活

valen00bb 发表于 2008-9-8 19:07

[夏威夷] Adeus & Aloha. The Portuguese Heritage of Hawai'i [MPIII/320K]

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In the past many Portuguese, mainly from the islands of Madeira and the Azores left their homeland and travelled to Hawai‘i, in seach of a better future. A part of the Portuguese traditions are kept alive in Hawai‘i by descendants of the Portuguese immigrants. A traditional festival which still lives both in Hawai‘i and in the Azores is the Holy Ghost Festival. Nowadays there are not many people left who still speak the Portuguese language and a lot of traditions have disappeared. Whereas immigrants from Madeira introduced the predecessor of the ‘ukulele in the past, the Hawaiian Portuguese themselves nowadays prefer to play the piano or some other keyboard. The CD presents a mixture of styles: remnants of Portuguese traditions in Hawai‘i, but also examples of authentic forms that still live on in the Azores and on the island of Madeira. The CD also contains a few beautiful examples of the Portuguese influence on the local music of Hawai‘i and other islands in the Pacific.
The CD covers the story of the Portuguese in Hawai'i: their origins, what is left of their culture in their new homeland and the impact they have had on the culture of Hawai'i and neighbouring island groups in the South Pacific. The CD is a rather unusual mixture of music from the Azores, Madeira, continental Portugal, Portuguese immigrants in Hawai'i and of Hawaiian music.
Introduction This is the story of the Portuguese in Hawai'i: their origins, what is left of their culture in their new homeland and the impact they have had on the culture of Hawai'i and neighbouring island groups in the South Pacific. It is an example of what has been happening for centuries throughout the world: the story of people on the move, on the one hand, and other people who welcome their new fellow countrymen and who adopt elements of what they bring with them. It is a story of farewell and of welcome, of adeus and aloha (although aloha also has other meanings!).
The Tongan writer Epeli Hau'ofa once wrote that "the sea is our pathway to each other and to everyone else". Epeli was referring to the regional identity anchored in the common heritage of all the island peoples of the Pacific Ocean. He added that: "The Pacific Ocean also merges into the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean to encircle the entire planet. As the sea is an open and ever flowing reality, so should our oceanic identity transcend all forms of insularity, to become one that is openly searching, inventive, and welcoming. In a metaphorical sense the ocean that has been our waterway to each other should also be our route to the rest of the world."
In 1881 the Hawaiian King Kalakaua visited Portugal, but both before and after that date many Portuguese travelled in the opposite direction: from Portugal to Hawai'i. And like many other people heading for the same destination, they were welcomed by the Hawaiians.
The Portuguese in Hawai'i belong to the "pre-American" Caucasian ethnic grouping. Within this group they are classed as a specific haole subcategory. Haole was the term used by the ancestors of the present day Hawaiians to describe the first western visitors. Ha means breath or the breath of life, and the suffix ole denotes an absence of it. Thus the word haole has very negative connotations. The old Hawaiians simply did not believe that men with such pale skins and frail bodies could be alive and healthy. Nowadays the haole is the number one ethnic group in terms of population.
The Portuguese in Hawai'i for the greater part migrated to the Pacific from the island of Madeira and also from the Azores. These islands in the Atlantic Ocean had previously been settled mainly by people from Continental Portugal. Of course, the Portuguese settlers in Madeira and the Azores brought with them the way of life and traditions of their homeland. Some of these altered in time as a result of the different conditions they encountered and also because they were occasionally influenced by the other traditions of other settlers such as Flemish people from Flanders who settled in the Azores at the invitation of Prince Henry the Navigator. This was particularly true of the island of Faial, where the village name of Flamengos still reminds us of this historical fact. Similarly, the town of Huertere, a Flemish nobleman who settled in Faial in the 15th century with fifteen fellow countrymen.
The first Portuguese settlers arrived in Hawai'i in the second half of the 18th century. Some sources mention 1788, other sources state 1794. The majority of these people were seafarers on either trading or whaling ships. Several Portuguese crew members decided to leave their ships either on their own or in small groups, in order to enjoy a new life in Hawai'i and thereby escape the harsh life aboard the whalers and other vessels. Many of these men began to farm or were engaged in a variety of other occupations. Many also married Hawaiian women and made Hawai'i their home. These men came from the islands of Madeira and the Azores, mainland Portugal and also from the Portuguese colonies of Timor, Macao and Cape Verdi.
The biggest wave of immigration from Portugal to the islands came later. A German botanist named Hildebrand toured Madeira in the late 1860s to survey its plant life, There he discovered a hard-working people who tilled island farm lands similar to those of Hawai'i.
He told his Hawaiian contacts that Madeira might provide a source for plantation labour. The government of Hawai'i was in need of labourers on its sugar plantations and at the same time farmers on the island of Madeira were succumbing to a severe economic depression fostered by a blight that had decimated vineyards and the wine industry. So Madeira and the eastern Azores were chosen as a source of labour. In 1878, 114 Madeirans, including a number of wives and children, arrived aboard the ship Priscilla. In 1881 King David Kalakaua visited Portugal and the same year two ships brought 800 men, women and children from Sao Miguel, the Azores, to hawai'i. In 1882 a treaty of immigration and friendship was signed between Portugal and the kingdom of Hawai'i. From that moment onwards, migration to Hawai'i became popular with people wanting to escape poverty and the military system. In Hawai'i, Portuguese labourers joined Chinese and-initially-a small number of Japanese workers in sugar fields. Many of them replaced Chinese workers who left plantations to open stores and work in the trades in Honolulu and Hilo. The demand for workers increased when the reciprocity treaty in 1876 between the Kingdom of Hawai'i and the U.S.A. opened the U.S. sugar marker to Hawai'i. Between 1878 and 1900 more than 12,000 Portuguese, primarily from Madeira and the Azores, came to live in the Hawaiian islands.
nearly 6,000 more immigrants from Portugal had arrived by 1913, when the last mass immigration was made. Now, Portuguese from the mainland was also arrived in the islands, Many of them became anions Hawaiian cowboys.
Unlike many of the other early immigrant groups in Hawai'i, most Portuguese came as families with them a culture steeped in European traditions. On the one hand home life was run along traditional Portuguese lines, but on the other hand the Portuguese also broke away from their traditional family life-style and moulded it with the ways of Hawai'i people. By contrast, Portuguese immigrants in San Francisco and Boston clung to the old ways somewhat in isolation. This was one of the reasons why the Portuguese immigrants in Hawai'i became respected in their new country. But they were also hard working people. They were actually the first group of white Europeans that worked the fields like Hawaiians or the earlier imported guest labourers. They were well received by both Hawaiians and haole merchants and planters. Many of the Portuguese became lunas or foremen on the plantations and thus gained a middle-level power foothold fairly quickly. Following the completion of their initial obligations with the sugar and pineapple plantations, many of the Portuguese immigrants chose to continue their employment. Others, however, left the sugar fields when their contracts with the plantations were completed to establish small independent farms outside the plantation districts. They starred dairy farms, and introduced the commercialmanufacturing of butter and growing of corn. Many success stories began to emerge from the Portuguese community.
By the mid-1920s about 27,000 Portuguese lived in Hawai'i. By the 1960s, most Portuguese and part- Portuguese had lost their distinctive ethnic characteristics and had settled mainly in Honolulu and Hilo, away from the sugar can fields. Only on Maui and the Big Island were some still working on sugar plantations and pineapple fields. It was here that people were still speaking Portuguese. Nowadays it is hard to find people who still speak the language. Even people who sing Portuguese songs usually do not speak the language.
 
 
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sifenks 发表于 2008-9-8 20:12

沙发一下

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中东到太平洋，跨度不小，可没有离开音乐！感谢大眼的辛劳！

cvbbs 发表于 2008-9-8 21:03

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大眼姐姐是勤劳的小蜜蜂,嗡嗡.ldw6tsh

showtime 发表于 2008-9-8 21:08

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楼主今天好勤奋，感谢你哦!

olive 发表于 2008-9-9 14:51

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谢谢分享。。。:)

清风发表于 2008-9-9 15:41

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cmhqaa 发表于 2008-9-12 12:50

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cagatha 发表于 2008-11-24 14:42

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谢谢楼主啦……就是上面的看不太懂

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[夏威夷] Adeus & Aloha. The Portuguese Heritage of Hawai'i [MPIII/320K]

沙发一下